Aperio Group LLC: BlackRock Aperio direct indexing fees and minimums.
Search for what Aperio charges and you get nothing, because the fee schedule is filed as a picture inside a PDF at the SEC. We opened it and read it. Here are the four standard rates, the long/short add-ons, and the minimum nobody can quote correctly.
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In short
Aperio Group, LLC is BlackRock's tax-managed direct indexing manager, acquired on February 1, 2021 and still run as a separate SEC-registered adviser from Sausalito, California under CRD number 111616. Its Form ADV Part 2A dated March 31st, 2026 prices separate account indexing at 0.35% a year for U.S. domestic benchmark indexes, 0.40% for foreign or global benchmarks, and 0.45% or 0.50% respectively when a values-aligned screen is applied. Long/short accounts pay an additional Short Advisory Fee of 0.20% or 0.40% depending on gross exposure. The brochure publishes no firm-wide account minimum, though Morgan Stanley's Select UMA profile lists a $250,000 minimum for the Aperio global strategy. Aperio managed $152,125,253,086 across 33,901 accounts as of that filing, and it is sold only through advisers, wrap programs and TAMPs.
Last updated August 2026
Aperio direct indexing fees
Aperio prices on the benchmark you pick, not on how much you invest
Almost every direct indexing manager tiers its fee by account size. Aperio does something different. There are no breakpoints in the standard schedule at all. What moves the rate is which index you benchmark to, and whether you want values-based screening on top.
| Benchmark index type | Standard annual advisory fee |
|---|---|
| U.S. Domestic Benchmark Indexes | 0.35% |
| Foreign/Global Benchmark Indexes | 0.40% |
| U.S. Domestic Benchmark Indexes with Values-Aligned Strategies | 0.45% |
| Foreign/Global Benchmark Indexes with Values-Aligned Strategies | 0.50% |
Two things worth noticing before you read anything into those numbers. The first is that going international costs a flat five basis points more, and adding a values-aligned screen costs a flat ten, regardless of size. If you are running a $30 million mandate you pay the same 0.35% as a $300,000 one, at least on paper. The second is that Aperio reserves the right to charge more, not just less: accounts "may be charged additional fees for certain customization options, such as pass-through costs of licensing data for specialized indexes or premiums for implementing long/short equity strategies".
And there is a floor. The brochure notes that "a minimum annual fee may be applied in certain cases, which can result in a higher effective fee rate than set forth below", while reserving discretion to waive it. On a small account, a flat dollar minimum is what actually determines your cost, which is one more reason the headline percentage is not the number to negotiate on.
Why you could not find this number anywhere else
Because it is not text. In the Form ADV PDF that Aperio filed with the SEC on March 31st, 2026, the fee table on page six is a raster image pasted into the document, 1160 pixels by 319. Copy and paste it and you get nothing. Run it through the tools that scrape filings at scale and you get nothing. Every automated pipeline that reads adviser brochures skips straight past it, which is a fair explanation for why the reviews you have read all stop at "fees are negotiated with your adviser".
We rendered page six to an image and read it. The numbers above are transcribed from that render, and the filing is public: search CRD 111616 on the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure system and pull brochure version 1036178. Check it yourself before you negotiate anything, because fee schedules change with each annual amendment.
Aperio long short direct indexing
Long/short accounts are priced twice, and the second fee is easy to miss
Tax-aware long/short is the fastest growing corner of this market, because shorting keeps generating harvestable losses long after a long-only portfolio has run out. It is also where the fee stack gets complicated.
Short Advisory Fee, charged in addition
Priced on gross exposure, meaning the total value of long and short positions together. This sits on top of the standard rate.
| Gross exposure level | Additional fee |
|---|---|
| Less than or equal to 200% | 0.20% |
| Greater than 200% and less than or equal to 300% | 0.40% |
Factor-tilted long/short, a flat rate instead
For long/short strategies with certain factor tilts, Aperio charges one flat rate determined by gross exposure rather than stacking fees.
| Gross exposure level | Fee rate |
|---|---|
| Less than or equal to 200% | 0.45% |
| Greater than 200% | 0.90% |
A 200% gross exposure account benchmarked to a U.S. index therefore pays 0.35% plus 0.20%, or 0.55% to Aperio, before margin interest, before short financing, and before your adviser. The brochure lists the trade-offs bluntly: "costs related to margin and short selling, higher management fees, potential margin calls, tax considerations, and limited custodian availability and custodian-specific requirements". That last one matters more than people expect. Not every custodian will support these accounts.
Two smaller line items complete the picture. Aperio's fees from wrap sponsors "currently range up to 0.40%, depending on the product offered", and its sub-advisory fees for mutual fund clients "range from 0.08% to 0.20%" of average daily net assets. Neither is a rate an individual can buy, but both tell you where the floor sits when the relationship is big enough.
Aperio direct indexing minimum
Aperio does not publish a minimum, and the number you have read is somebody else's
This is where most write-ups quietly invent a figure. Here is the entire text of what Aperio actually filed on the subject.
"Aperio requires a minimum account size for certain of its investment strategies, which varies among Wrap Programs." Form ADV Part 2A, March 31st, 2026, Item 4
That is all of it. No dollar amount appears anywhere in the brochure, and Item 7 adds only that "Wrap Program accounts are usually subject to minimum account sizes and program fees in addition to Aperio fees, which are outlined in the Wrap Sponsor's ADV, Part 2A, Appendix 1". In other words, the minimum is set by whichever platform your adviser uses, not by Aperio, and it will be different at Morgan Stanley than at a small RIA custodying at Schwab.
So go look at a platform. Morgan Stanley publishes a strategy profile for Aperio ActiveTaxGlobalIndexing in its Select UMA program, and that document does carry hard numbers. It is the closest thing to a verifiable Aperio minimum in public.
| Aperio ActiveTaxGlobalIndexing in Morgan Stanley Select UMA | As filed |
|---|---|
| Strategy minimum | $250,000 |
| GIMA status | Approved |
| Program inception in Select UMA | 12/08/2022 |
| Strategy inception date | 03/2011 |
| Security holdings, portfolio vs index | 599 vs 2,461 |
| Weighted average portfolio beta | 1.00 |
| Dividend yield, portfolio vs index | 1.7% vs 1.6% |
| Morgan Stanley composite | 51 accounts, $84.0 million |
Note what the platform layer costs on top. That same profile discloses a "0.50% maximum quarterly (2.0% maximum annual) MS Advisory Fee" plus a separate SMA Manager Fee that ranges "from 0% to 0.1875% per quarter (0% to 0.75% per year)". Aperio's 0.35% is the manager slice of a stack that can reach several times that number by the time it reaches a client. When you compare direct indexing quotes, compare the all-in figure or you are not comparing anything.
Aperio AUM and client mix
Aperio is the adviser-channel manager that actually serves individuals
Form ADV Part 1A makes every registered adviser break its book down by client type. Aperio's breakdown is the most interesting page in its filing, and it contradicts the usual framing of direct indexing as an institutional product.
| Client type | Clients | Assets under management | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| High net worth individuals | 25,295 | $95,149,020,240 | 62.5% |
| Other (see Schedule D) | 1,873 | $26,152,228,983 | 17.2% |
| Charitable organizations | 800 | $22,468,498,921 | 14.8% |
| Individuals (other than high net worth) | 5,717 | $3,470,503,778 | 2.3% |
| Pooled investment vehicles | 12 | $1,986,085,135 | 1.3% |
| Corporations or other businesses | 151 | $1,946,518,928 | 1.3% |
| Investment companies | 3 | $787,736,394 | 0.5% |
About 31,000 of Aperio's roughly 34,000 clients are individuals, holding just under $98.6 billion between them. Compare that with Vanguard Personalized Indexing, which filed in July 2026 with 4,085 accounts of which exactly one belonged to a high net worth individual and 99.4% of assets belonged to 203 other investment advisers. Both firms sell only through advisers. Only one of them has ended up with an individual client base.
The charitable line is worth a second look too: 800 charitable organizations holding $22.5 billion, nearly 15% of the book. That is the values-aligned business showing up in the numbers. Endowments and foundations with investment policy statements that exclude particular industries cannot express that in an index fund, and it is the single clearest use case for paying for direct indexing at all.
Total regulatory assets under management: $152,125,253,086 across 33,901 accounts, all discretionary, per the Part 1A filed April 2, 2026. That works out to about $4.49 million per account, which tells you the typical Aperio client is considerably wealthier than the typical Schwab or Fidelity direct indexing client, and roughly consistent with a $250,000 platform minimum plus a long tail of much larger mandates.
Aperio direct indexing strategy
Three strategies, and a portfolio that samples the index rather than copying it
01
Active Tax Management
Tracks a target benchmark using software "designed to systematically harvest losses within the portfolio and immediately replace the securities sold at a loss with others of similar type and risk". The losses are meant to offset gains generated elsewhere in your life, including portfolios Aperio does not manage.
02
Factor Tilts
Exposure to quality, value, momentum or low volatility, plus tilts by industry, sector or country. Either pre-configured by Aperio or built with you. Some tilts are applied as constraints inside the optimization against a cap-weighted index such as the S&P 500 or Russell 3000; others optimize toward third-party factor indexes.
03
Values-Aligned Investing
Portfolios "designed to track the major market indexes using a universe of securities that meet specific criteria and standards of conduct as determined by the values expressed by the client". This is the tier that costs ten basis points more, and it is where the 800 charitable clients live.
You will not own the whole index
Aperio builds portfolios "using optimization techniques with proprietary models" that "generally hold between 50 and 1,000 stocks, depending on the benchmark, strategy, and client constraints". That is sampling, not replication, and it is how the industry works. The Morgan Stanley profile shows what it looks like in practice for the global strategy as of June 30, 2026: 599 holdings against an index carrying 2,461, with a weighted average beta of 1.00 and a dividend yield of 1.7% versus the index's 1.6%. The top five positions were NVIDIA at 4.6%, Apple at 4.2%, Alphabet at 3.6%, Taiwan Semiconductor at 2.9% and Microsoft at 2.6%.
The cost of sampling is tracking error, and Aperio explains it more clearly than most: "if the forecast tracking error of a portfolio is 1% and the benchmark index goes up 10%, there is an approximately 68% chance that the portfolio performance will be between 9% and 11%". Then the part the brochures usually leave out: "there is also the possibility that the account could experience a two-, three-, or higher standard-deviation outcome ... If the deviation is negative versus the benchmark index, the portfolio will underperform, perhaps significantly." Factor tilts and values-aligned constraints both add to that risk.
The detail that breaks the strategy
Your custodian has to be set to HICO, and Aperio will not check for you
"For accounts selecting strategies involving tax management and tax loss harvesting, clients are responsible for ensuring that their custodian implements a default tax lot relief methodology of High Cost In, First-Out ('HICO') ... Aperio has no responsibility to ensure that the custodian correctly implements the appropriate tax lot relief method for a client's account. Application of a different tax lot relief method for a client's account may result in unanticipated tax consequences." Form ADV Part 2A, March 31st, 2026, Item 8
Read that twice if you are about to fund an account. Tax lot relief is the rule your custodian uses to decide which specific shares get sold when a position is trimmed. The default at most brokerages is FIFO, first in first out, which sells your oldest and usually lowest-basis shares first. That is precisely backwards for a loss-harvesting strategy, which wants to sell the highest-cost lots to realize losses. If your custodian is left on FIFO, the optimizer will keep issuing sell instructions and the custodian will keep filling them from the wrong lots, generating gains where the strategy intended losses.
This is a one-line setting on an account application, and it is the client's job. Ask your adviser to confirm in writing that HICO is set as the default before the first trade, and check the first quarterly statement against it. It costs nothing to verify and it is expensive to discover late.
The wash sale disclosure deserves the same attention. Aperio "attempts to avoid wash sales whenever possible", but says one "may be triggered by Aperio under a number of conditions including, but not limited to, managing tracking error and client requests such as deposits or withdrawals". And there is no cross-account monitoring promised: if you or your spouse buy the same security in another account, including an IRA, within the 61-day window, that is on you. Buying the replacement in an IRA is the worst version, because IRS Revenue Ruling 2008-5 disallows the loss permanently and does not step up basis in the IRA to compensate. The loss simply disappears.
Aperio vs the rest of the category
Aperio and Parametric charge exactly the same headline rate
This is the finding that surprised us. The two managers that dominate adviser-channel direct indexing are priced identically at 35 basis points for U.S. domestic equity, and Vanguard undercuts both. Every figure below is verified from a provider filing or pricing page.
| Provider | Minimum | Manager fee | Benchmarks | How you buy it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aperio (BlackRock) | No firm-wide figure filed, $250,000 via Morgan Stanley Select UMA | 0.35% US domestic, 0.40% foreign, plus your adviser fee | Any benchmark, 50 to 1,000 holdings | Adviser only |
| Parametric Custom Core (Domestic Equity) | $250,000 direct, $25,000 via Select UMA | 35 bps manager fee, plus platform fees | Any standard or custom benchmark | Adviser only |
| Vanguard Personalized Indexing | $250,000 via an adviser, $10,000,000 direct | 0.20% adviser tier 1, 0.27% direct tier 1 | Custom, adviser configured | Adviser only |
| Schwab Personalized Indexing | $100,000 | 0.40%, 0.35% above $2M | 6 strategies, no S&P 500 option | Direct to retail |
| Fidelity Managed FidFolios | $5,000 to be invested | 0.40% index, 0.70% active | 8 strategies | Direct to retail |
| Wealthfront S&P 500 Direct | $5,000 | 0.09% | S&P 500 | Direct to retail |
| Frec Classic | $20,000 to $50,000 | 0.09% to 0.35% | 25 indices | Direct to retail |
| S&P 500 index ETF | 1 share | 0.03% to 0.10% | One fund | Any brokerage |
Two honest conclusions come out of that table. If you have an adviser and a portfolio in the hundreds of thousands, the adviser-channel managers are not competing on price with each other, so choose on construction: Parametric will benchmark to "any standard or customized index", Aperio prices values-aligned screening as a first-class product, and Vanguard is simply cheaper if your adviser has scale with them. If you do not have an adviser, none of the top three rows is available to you at all, and the question becomes which retail platform gets closest.
And the row at the bottom is the one to argue with first. An S&P 500 ETF costs 0.03% and needs one share. Aperio through an adviser is 0.35% plus a platform fee plus the adviser's own fee, plausibly 1.2% all in. That gap has to be earned back through harvested losses you can actually use. The published research is far more modest than the marketing: Wealthfront's own whitepaper puts tax loss harvesting at 0.18% to 0.44% a year of account value, against the 1% to 2% that providers often advertise. If you do not have realized gains to offset, you are capped at deducting $3,000 a year against ordinary income under IRS Topic 409, and the math does not work.
Aperio direct indexing review
What people ask about Aperio Group LLC
How much does Aperio direct indexing cost?
Aperio's standard annual advisory fee is 0.35% for U.S. domestic benchmark indexes and 0.40% for foreign or global benchmarks. Adding a values-aligned screen raises those to 0.45% and 0.50%. The rates come from Aperio Group, LLC's own Form ADV Part 2A dated March 31st, 2026, and they are priced on the benchmark you choose rather than on account size. Your own adviser's fee sits on top, and Aperio states plainly that its fees are "negotiable at the sole discretion of Aperio".
What is the minimum investment for Aperio?
Aperio's brochure does not publish one. Item 7 says only that "Aperio requires a minimum account size for certain of its investment strategies, which varies among Wrap Programs", and no dollar figure appears anywhere in the filing. The concrete number you can actually verify comes from the platform side: Morgan Stanley's Select UMA profile for the Aperio ActiveTaxGlobalIndexing strategy lists a Strategy Minimum of $250,000. Treat any single flat "Aperio minimum" you read elsewhere as a program minimum, not a firm one.
Is Aperio owned by BlackRock?
Yes. BlackRock completed its acquisition of Aperio Holdings, LLC on February 1, 2021, and Aperio Group, LLC is now, in the brochure's words, "an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of BlackRock". It still operates as a separate SEC-registered investment adviser under its own CRD number, 111616, and still files its own Form ADV from Three Harbor Drive in Sausalito, California rather than from BlackRock in New York. Aperio was originally founded in 1999.
How much money does Aperio manage?
Aperio reported $152,125,253,086 in regulatory assets under management across 33,901 accounts in its Form ADV Part 1A filed April 2, 2026, all of it discretionary. That averages roughly $4.49 million per account. For scale, Parametric reported about $684.7 billion as of December 31, 2025, and Vanguard Personalized Indexing reported $11.35 billion in July 2026, which puts Aperio comfortably second in the category.
Can an individual investor use Aperio directly?
Not by opening an account the way you would at a brokerage. Aperio reaches clients through registered investment advisers, wealth managers, family offices, wrap programs and turnkey asset management platforms, and the brochure says it "negotiates fees with Wrap Sponsors and Intermediaries ... and not directly with clients". That said, the end clients really are individuals: Form ADV Part 1A reports 25,295 high net worth individuals and 5,717 other individuals. You need an adviser to get in, but individuals are who is actually invested.
What is the difference between Aperio and Parametric?
Less than the marketing suggests on price and quite a lot on shape. Both are adviser-only tax-managed SMA managers and both charge the same headline rate: Aperio lists 0.35% for U.S. domestic benchmarks and Parametric lists 35 bps for Custom Core Domestic Equity. Parametric is far larger, at roughly $684.7 billion against Aperio's $152.1 billion, and publishes a tiered menu by strategy with stated $250,000 minimums. Aperio prices by benchmark type instead, charges more for values-aligned screens, and publishes no firm-wide minimum at all.
Does Aperio do tax loss harvesting?
Yes, and systematically. Its Active Tax Management strategy "utilizes software designed to systematically harvest losses within the portfolio and immediately replace the securities sold at a loss with others of similar type and risk". The brochure is careful about who benefits: the after-tax return "presumes that clients have capital gains from active managers, hedge funds, sale of low-cost-basis stock, or other sources suitable for offset". If you have no gains to offset, the harvested losses cap out at $3,000 a year against ordinary income.
What tax lot method does Aperio require at the custodian?
High Cost In, First Out, and this is the sharpest practical warning in the whole filing. Clients "are responsible for ensuring that their custodian implements a default tax lot relief methodology of High Cost In, First-Out ('HICO')", and the tax management is "dependent on the custodian implementing HICO as the default". Aperio then disclaims it: it "has no responsibility to ensure that the custodian correctly implements the appropriate tax lot relief method". Set this wrong and the strategy quietly stops working. Check it at account opening.
How many stocks does an Aperio portfolio hold?
Between 50 and 1,000, depending on the benchmark, the strategy and your restrictions. Portfolios are built with optimization rather than full replication, so they sample the index instead of copying it. Morgan Stanley's Select UMA profile makes the gap concrete for the global strategy: as of June 30, 2026 the portfolio held 599 securities against the index's 2,461, roughly a quarter of the names, while running a weighted average beta of 1.00.
What does Aperio charge for long/short direct indexing?
Two different structures, both on top of or instead of the standard rate. For most long/short accounts there is an additional Short Advisory Fee of 0.20% at gross exposure up to 200%, rising to 0.40% between 200% and 300%. For long/short strategies with certain factor tilts, Aperio charges a flat rate instead: 0.45% up to 200% gross exposure and 0.90% above it. Margin and short-selling costs are separate again, and the brochure warns of "limited custodian availability".
Can Aperio guarantee it will avoid wash sales?
No, and it says so. The brochure states that "although Aperio attempts to avoid wash sales whenever possible, a wash sale may be triggered by Aperio under a number of conditions including, but not limited to, managing tracking error and client requests such as deposits or withdrawals". It also warns that "over time, the ability of an investor in a tax-managed strategy to harvest losses may decrease and gains may build up in a securities portfolio", which is the loss-decay problem every direct indexing account eventually runs into.
What are Aperio's three investment strategies?
Active Tax Management, Factor Tilts, and Values-Aligned Investing. Active Tax Management tracks a benchmark while systematically harvesting losses. Factor Tilts give exposure to quality, value, momentum or low volatility, and can also tilt by industry, sector or country, either as pre-configured strategies or built with you. Values-Aligned portfolios track major market indexes from a universe screened to "standards of conduct as determined by the values expressed by the client", and they are the ones that cost 10 basis points more.
Sources
Advisory fee schedules, long/short and wrap fee ranges, minimum account language, investment strategies, holdings ranges, tracking error explanation, wash sale and HICO tax lot disclosures: Aperio Group, LLC, Form ADV Part 2A firm brochure, version dated March 31st, 2026, Items 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, brochure version 1036178. Assets under management, account counts and the client type breakdown: the same firm's Form ADV Part 1A, filing dated 04/02/2026, Items 5.D and 5.F. Both retrieved from the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure system under CRD number 111616. Strategy minimum, GIMA status, holdings counts, portfolio statistics, top holdings and the platform fee stack: Morgan Stanley Select UMA strategy profile for Aperio ActiveTaxGlobalIndexing (APR-D), information as of June 30, 2026. Comparison figures for other providers re-verified from each provider's own pricing page or filing, dated in our published notes. Tax figures: IRS Topic 409, IRC 1091, IRS Revenue Ruling 2008-5, and the Wealthfront tax loss harvesting whitepaper. Indexes is not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by BlackRock, Inc., Aperio Group, LLC or Morgan Stanley. We are index construction and backtesting software: we do not manage money, place trades, custody assets or provide tax advice.
Specify the portfolio before you pay 35 basis points to have it run
Aperio prices on the benchmark you choose and the screens you apply. Decide both before the meeting. Set the weighting, exclude what you do not want to own, and test the construction against real market history first.
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